The French and Indian Wars was a series of wars in Essay Example For Students

The French and Indian Wars was a series of wars in Essay the Americas between the European Imperialist powers of England and France. These wars were wars over a control and expansion of their empires. The first of the wars was King Williams War, followed by Queen Annes War. Then came King Georges War and finally the biggest of the wars was the French and Indian War. In this paper I will describe the events that led to those wars. The first of the French and Indian wars was King Williams War (1689- 1697). In the summer of 1689, an Iroquois raiding party struck hard at a French settlement of Lachine near Montreal1. The French, under a new governor, initiated a counteroffensive against the English frontier. The force and amount of damage they caused did much to establish a pattern of savagery in border warfare. The English ha suffered serious losses at Schenectady, Salmon Falls, and Falmouth. The English had come to realize that the heart of New France was Quebec on the Saint Lawrence River2, and attempted its capture. A land army was to advance down the Champlain Valley toward Montreal and a fleet, commanded by Sir William Phips, was to come from Boston to the Saint Lawrence and the up to Quebec. The land army failed to get within one hundred mile of Montreal3, enabling the French governor, the comte de Frontenac, to move troops from Montreal to Quebec. By the time Phips arrived to Quebec, the city was too strongly defended to be captured4. From then on, the English retreated and the war was characterized as a small scale raiding activity, against isolated frontier settlements5. A series of attacks were executed against English fur trading posts on the Hudson Bay and on settlements in Maine and Newfoundland6. Since neither side was winning the war and becoming weary of the struggle7, a peace was arranged at Ryswick in September 1697, ending the war indecisively. After the end of King Williams War, the French resumed their expansion into the region of the Great Lakes and the Mississippi Valley8, this made the English fear that the whole trans-Appalachian West would come under the French Flag9. After the French king had secured the Spanish throne for his grandson, the Spanish Succession broke out in Europe in 1701. England entered the conflict in May 1702, this time declaring war on both France and Spain10. Now the English colonies had enemies to the south and to the north11. From 1702 to 1704, there were various expeditions on both sides to attack one another. In 1704, a party of French and Indians surprised Deerfield, Massachusetts, killing many settlers and taking others prisoner12. In 1711, the Tuscaroras Indians of North Carolina rose up against the English, but it ended two years later with the defeat of the Tuscaroras13. By 1712, since France and Spain were weakened by their widespread exertions against England and were eager for peace14. An international agreement was reached in 1713, which was called The Treaty of Utrecht. In it, Spain kept Florida, but France lost Acadia to the British15. After this, both the British and French resumed their competitive expansion into the trans-Appalachian West16. King Georges War evolved from a commercial rivalry between Britain and Spain known as the War of Jenkins Ear17. It became King Georges War when France entered as an ally to Spain. King Georges War didnt begin until 1744, when the French mad an unsuccessful assault on Port Royal18. In 1745, Governor William Shirley of Massachusetts decided to capture Louisburg. Governor Shirley appointed William Pepperell of Maine to command a New England army in that expedition19. Pepperell was assisted by the Royal Navy, which was led under the command of Sir Peter Warren20. With the assistance of each other, Pepperell and Warren made Louisburg surrender in June 1745 after a seven week siege21. .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a , .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a .postImageUrl , .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a , .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a:hover , .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a:visited , .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a:active { border:0!important; } .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a:active , .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u02bbf41b7f81b299f27d6abe6cee336a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How The Use Of The Diary Form Narrative Is Benefic Argumentative Essay Since in 1731, the French, had also had an advance base at Crown Point on Lake Champlain, sent parties of French and Indian raids to attack frontiers of New England and New York22. These attacks did a good amount of damage and frightened the British colonist in the area. Since neither side was near a victory in neither the American nor Europe, they were in look for peace once again. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748 returned Louisburg to France23. The treaty ended King Georges War, but it didnt put an end to the hostile feelings that had been aroused. The French and Indian War, Seven Years War to the Europeans, was a colonial .